Treating sheets



Dec. 22 1925.

s. E. DIESCH ER TREATING SHEETS 2 Sheets-Sheet. 1

Original Filed July 2, 1923 Ill/a I A'r'r'ozusi I I S. E. DIESCHER I TREATING SHEETS 2 Shets-Sheet 2 Original Filed July 2, 192.'5

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ATTORNEY- I Patented Dec. 22, 1925'.

UNITED srarss ENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL E. DIESCHER, OF WILKZNSBUEG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 S. DIESGHER AND SUNS, A COPARTNEESHIP CGNSISTING P. DIESOHER, OF PITTSBURGH,

Original application filed July 2, 1923, Serial No. 649,168.

0F SAMUEL E DIESCHEB AND AUGUST EENNSYLVANIA.

TREATING SHEETS.

Divided and this 2 1924, Serial No. 757,953.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL E. Drnsorrnn, residing at Wilkinsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, a citizen of the United States, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Treating Sheets, of which improvements the following is a specification.

In the manufacture of sheets for tinning, etc. it is the practice to arrange the sheets in packs preparatory to annealing, such packs forming a comparatively large mass of metal which should be brought to a substantially uniform temperature throughout. On account of the mass of metal, the penetration of the heat is slow and as the rate of penetration is dependent on the temperature applied exteriorly to the pack, it is the practice to subject the pack to a temperature somewhat in excess of the annealing temperature. It has been found that even at an annealing temperature, there is a tendency for adjacent sheets to adhere one to the other, and when a higher temperature is employed, this tendency is increased and considerable difficulty is experienced in separating the sheets.

In order to loosen the stickers, it is the practice to hammer the packs after annealing. In this hammering operation, which is done by a hand operated sledge, thecentral portion of the top of the pack is first operated on, and then portions around the center, each circular series of blows being more distant from the center than the preceding series. Each impact of the hammer will cause a flow of metal from the area struck in practically all directions, and the flow of metal will be greatest in the sheet struck and decrease inwardly. This difference in flow will cause adjacent sheets to move relatively one to the other, thereby rupturing the bonds between them. This method involves heavy labor and considerable time as the effect of a. blow will not ex tend any considerable depth into the pack and must be repeated after loosened sheets have been removed, several times on each pack. And further, as the metal will tend to flow in all. directions from the point of impact and each blow, it follows that the flow caused by each blow will extend into previously hammered portions.

The object of the invention described herein is to cause a buckling of sheets of a pack around a given area and causing an extension or increase in buckling in other areas. The invention is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a hammer head adapted to the practice of the invention claimed herein Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse sections on planes indicated respectively by the lines II-II, III-III, Fig. 1; and Figs. 4 and 5 are views similar to Figs. 2 and 3 illustrating a modification in the construction of the hammer head.

In the practice of the invention it is preferred to employ mechanism shown and described in an'application filed by me July 1923, Serial No. 649,168. this case being a division of said application. The pack of sheets being annealed is placed ona suitable anvil below the hammer head as shown in 1. This head consists ofa shell 18 enclosing a plurality of percussors'or hammer bars, so supported'in the shell as to be capable of independent vertical movement. This shell is provided with ribs 19 adapted to engage guides 17 and with a yoke 20 adapted to be connected to suitable operating mechanism. As it is preferred to employ the weight of the hammer head and percussors to impart the desired blows to the sheet, means are employed to lift the head and bars the desired distance. In the construction shown, a plank 25 having one end con-' nected to the yoke, extends upwardly between suitably driven rollers 26 and 27. The shafts of these rollers are mounted in eccentric bearings adapted to be oscillated to movethe rollers towards and" from each other to grip and release the lifting element application filed December heads of the shell 18. It will be observed that the cylindrical portions 23 of the bars a at the center of the shell are longer, measured from the shoulders 02, than the corresponding parts of the bars 6 surrounding the bars a, and that the cylindrical parts 23 of the bars 0 outside of the bars I; are shorter than the parts 23 of the bars 5.

It follows from such construction that when the head is dropped, the bars a will hi-tthe pile of sheets in advance of the bars 12' and the latter in advance of the bars 0. In order that the downward movement of the shell and consequently the bars may not be checked by the bars a when their movement is arrested by contact with the pile of sheets, the necks 22 at the upper ends of the bars vary in length proportional tothe distance of the respective bars from the center line of the head. As the shell enclosing the percussing' bars is of considerable weight, a sudden stoppage of its downward movement would produce a severe jar or shock, and to avoid such 'ar, springs 2 l are placed on the necks 22, the shoulders t on which the lower ends of the springs bear being so located on the several bars and the springs made of such lengths that the upper head of the shell will bear simultaneously on all the springs.

In lieu of the construction of hammer head having one or more central percussion bars and one or more annular series of bars as shown 1n Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the construction shown in Figs. 4 and 5 may be employed.

As shown, the hammer head consists of alifting shell 18*, a central hammer bar (Z and one or more annular bars e and In order to connect the hammer bars to the shell for efiecting the upward movement of the bars, the latter are slotted diametrically as shown at 'ZOand through the slots in the several bars is passed a crosspin 71'having its ends secured in the shell. It'will-be observed that-the slots in the respective bars are made of such relative lengths that although the inner members strike the packs first, the outer members can continue their downward movement.

Theefi'ect of the impact of a bar will be greatest on the top sheet of a pile and will decrease progressively on'underlying sheets. When a blow is struck, the metal of the top sheet for an area approximately equal to that ofthe face of the bar will be stretched, the next sheet will also be stretched but to a less degree than the top sheet and there tcaeee will be a movement of one sheet relative to the other.

If the contacting faces of the sheets around the area aii'ected by the blow of inner bars are adherent, the stretching of the portions affected by the blow will cause a buckling, the buckling being greatest in the top sheet. The buckling will be outside of the area or areas affected by the inner bars and will be subjected to the blowsof the outer bars, whereby will be flattened, and areas outside of the last area of impact will also produce a stretching of the metal; the buckling outside of the area of the second impact will be increased. It will be observed that after the inner hammer bars strike a pack, they will continue to bear thereon until all of the bars have struck the pack andhence the stretching and buckling will proceed outwardly, the buckling increasing with each impact. As the top sheet will be stretched to a greater degree than the subjacent sheets, the buckling of the respective sheets will be progressively less and hence there will be such relative movement of adjacent sheets as will rupture the bonds between them.

As the portions of the sheets adjacent to the sides and ends of the packs are subjected to the highest heat, as hereinbeforestated, the adherence of one sheet to another may be greatest along the edges thereof, provided that conditions of annealing and piling up before annealing are correct, and while the hammering will, in most cases, rupture all the bonds between sheets, in some cases only a portion of such bonds will be broken. Complete separation of the sheets will be eifected by hand. The bond is generally so weak after hammering that if an operator can grasp the sheets in his hands, he can easily tear them apart. The depth or distance downwardly through the pack to which the loosening of the bond would extend, would be dependent largely on the vertical dimensions of the pack, conditions of annealing, and the force of the blows of the hammer. As soon as the pack has been subjected to hammering, an operator will remove a portion of the pack for a depth to which the hammering effect has extended, and will then separate the sheets by hand.

I claim herein. as my invention:

1. The method herein described of treating a pack or pile of adherent sheets, which consists in causing a flow of metal within a given. area of a plurality of adherent sheets, thereby causing a buckling of the sheets around such area, and then causing an outward extension of the buckling by percussion of the pack at a plurality of points simultaneously around the area initially acted on.

2. The method herein described of treatpreviously buckled areas 7 ing a pack or pile of adherent sheets which causing a flow of metal, and a consequent consists in causing a flow of metal within a buckling in directions towards the edges given area of a plurality of adherent sheets, of the sheets. 10 thereby causing a buckling of the sheets In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set 5 around such area maintaining pressure on my hand.

the area acted on and subjecting the sheets outside of such area to percussion, thereby SAMUEL E. DIESCHER. 

